نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هجدهم شماره 9 (پیاپی 81، دی 1392)

infertility and the attitude of the society toward it، makes women and even men deal with many emotional disturbances. Infertile women tolerate more stress than fertile women. Stress can reduce the amount of happiness and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stress management skills training (cognitive-behavioral) on happiness of infertile women. In this clinical-trial study، the cases of infertile women who were referred to the Infertility Center of Shiraz in the summer of 2011were studied. A total of 24 infertile women with high stress scores were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups. The stress management training (cognitive-behavioral) was instructed during 10 weekly sessions on the target group. Using Oxford Happiness Questionnaire، a pre-test and a post-test was completed. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANCOVA. The difference between the mean happiness was significant after controlling of the pretest variables in the two groups. The mean scored happiness of the experimental group significantly increased compared to the control group in the post-test (P=0. 0001). The results indicated that the control effectiveness of stress management therapy، cognitive behavioral therapy on happiness levels of infertile women.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Traditionally، medicinal plants have been used for topical effects of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the essential oil of Satureia hortensis and Nigella sativa on the Leishmania major. In this experimental study، the effects of the plant’s essential oils and savory black beans on the Leishmania major form were studied. Evaluation was determined based on the average of Leishmania parasites form survival after exposure to different concentrations of herbs and chemical drugs MA dose at different intervals. For this purpose، different extracts with ratios of 0. 1، 0. 2، 0. 4، 0. 8، 1. 2، 1. 6، and 2% were added. Different groups of this study were kept in the same condition (incubated at 26 ° C). The parasites were removed from the incubator and the numbers of viable parasites were counted after 24hours. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics، Tukey test and GM. There was a significant difference in reducing parasites on groups receiving Satureia hortensis and Nigella sativa with Glucantime (p <0. 05). Due to the increasing drug resistance of Leishmania، plant oils such as Satureia hortensis and Nigella sativa could be used as an alternative treatment for controlling leishmaniasis.

Probiotics are living microorganisms that have beneficial effects، such as anti-tumor effects on the health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of cell wall and cytoplasmic extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic cancer Category K562 (myeloid leukemia) and apoptotic effects of this yeast. In this experimental study، the Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultured، and using the micro sonicator the cell wall and cytoplasmic extracts were separated. Then، different concentrations of cell wall and cytoplasmic extracts were prepared. The inhibitory growth percentage of cancer K562 cell line at different times (12، 24، 48 and 72 h) was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis and necrosis were also evaluated by DNA fragmentation electrophoresis method. The collected dara were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. Anti-tumor activity of cytoplasmic extracts significantly increased over time، while the impact of anti-tumor activity of the cell wall over time was significantly reduced (p <0. 05). The composition of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae also induces apoptosis، and less necrosis at K562 cell line. This study showed that the cell wall and cytoplasmic extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a time-dependent had an inhibitory effect on K562 cells and induced necrosis and apoptosis.

Due to the low solubility and high toxicity of drugs، treatment of cancers is problematic; therefore، the encapsulation and targeted delivery of therapeutic effect is required. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on cellular uptake and bioavailability of beta-casein on platinum complexes as cancer drugs. In the present experimental study، the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles as drug carriers of beta-casein devices using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were investigated. In order to evaluate the toxicity effects of platinum complexes، the colon cancer cells in the absence or presence of free platinum complex concentration and nanoparticle loaded with platinum complexes were incubated for 24 and 48 hours. LD50 Values (concentration of compound causing 50% mortality in the cells) was determined using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post-hoc test. At a concentration of 1 mg ml، beta-casein nanoparticle drug carriers were synthesized in the range of 100 to 300 µM. In addition، the mortality rate in cancer cells by the release of platinum complexes (without and with the capsule)، were 70 and 26 in 24 hours، and 60 µM and 21 µM in 48 hours respectively، The study showed that the bioavailability of the encapsulated platinum complexes increases and new drug delivery system may be a good candidate for the treatment of cancer.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that due to having intrinsic and acquired resistance to common antibiotics، mortality due to infections is very common. Therefore، early and accurate identification of bacteria could be effective in controlling infections and deaths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a rapid method with high sensitivity and specificity based on polymerase chain reaction using gene-specific primers quorum sensing LasI system for detection of bacteria. In this study، the comparison between the results of culture and PCR for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples and other bacterial species were carried out. 40 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from isolated clinical specimens were identified and confirmed by biochemical tests. LasI gene specific primers were designed using bioinformatics analysis. Sequence of this gene was amplified techniques after extraction of bacterial genome. The specificity of PCR tests with DNA from of different species، Staphylococcus aureus، Klebsiella pneumonia، Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae were evaluated. A different dilution of the bacterial genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used in PCR to evaluate the sensitivity of primer. Data were analyzed by t-test The results indicated that the PCR test result was positive for all strains of P. aeruginosa isolates; however، PCR test results were negative for the four other bacteria. Even at 10-5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome concentration، PCR test was positive for all isolated strains This study showed that the primers designed for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using PCR، had higher sensitivity and specificity compared to previous methods.

Allergic diseases are one of the most common diseases which are more prevalent in certain seasons. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory and food allergies to common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis. This cross-sectional study was performed on 184 patients including 120 males and 64 females referred to the Shahid Mofatteh Clinic with the respiratory allergy symptoms including rhinitis، sneezing and coughing during 2012-2013. Data collection، checklist registered، including demographic information and data associated with sensitivity of skin prick test of 21 allergens were selected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical. A number of 153 patients (83. 2%) were allergic to one or more of the 21 allergens tested، whereas 31 patients (16. 8) of them showed no sensitivity. The most common allergic reactions to insect allergens were 73 cases (47. 7%)، grass and turf 58 cases (37. 9% percent)، Beetle 55 cases (35. 9%)، wheat flour، 51 (33. 3%) walnuts، 37 (24. 4%) and cat fur 36 (5/23. 5%) respectively.. Susceptibility to insects، beetles and grass had the highest prevalence in patients with allergic rhinitis referred to Super Specialized clinic in Yasuj. Because susceptibility to allergens depends on the environment، therefore، being aware of them can lead to avoidance and control allergic reactions.

Backgrounds & The heavy metals entering the water resources through different channels pose risks، such as poisoning and carcinogenesis، in the living organisms’ body. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of heavy metals in drinking water networks using GIS in Gachsaran، Iran.. In this descriptive، cross-sectional study، samples were taken from11 spots of the drinking water distribution network and tested for concentration of 10 metals by Inductivity Coupled Ions Plasma (ICP) method in summer of 2010. The research data were compared with national and international water standards. Then the distribution map of heavy metals concentrations in the drinking water wells of the region was prepared by using the Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis tests. In all samples، the average concentration of heavy metals were: Arsenic 0. 54، Cadmium 0. 05، Zinc 55. 9، Lead 0. 18، Copper. 82، Chromium 1. 6، Barium 36. 5، Selenium0. 5، Mercury 0. 1 and Silver 0. 05 micrograms per liter and was less than the water quality standard. Based on the results obtained، it can be concluded that concentrations of heavy metals in Gachsaran’s drinking water distribution network are not higher than national and international standards and therefore not harmful for people.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important nosocomial infecting agents resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Nowadays، methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is considered one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to identify the antibiotic resistance pattern of methicicllin- resistant and susceptible strains in Ahwaz، Iran. In the present cross - sectional study، a number of 255 clinically suspected cases of Staphylococcus aureus were collected during a 19 month period. The bacteria were investigated using standard biochemical tests such as catalase، mannitol fermentation، coagulase and Dnase. Sensitive strains were confirmed by disk diffusion method compared to commonly used antibiotics. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests. of 255 suspected cases، 180 were confirmed as S. aureus، a total of 59 strains of S. aureus (2/37 percent) were resistant to methicillin. Resistance to S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin included: chloramphenicol (3. 38%)، rifampin (45. 76%)، norfloxacin (89. 83%)، gentamicin (89. 83%)، ciprofloxacin، (91. 52%)، azithromycin، (88. 13%)، cotrimoxazole (86. 44%) and all isolates strains were sensitive to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. A total of 10 different patterns of antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were identified. Expression of new resistance factor in nosocomial infection is one of the major challenges in treating these infections. This study showed a high prevalence of resistance against some class of antibiotics in MRSA isolated from Imam Khomeini and Golestan hospital of Ahwaz، Iran. Key words: Nosocomial infection، Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)، Antibiotic Resistant Pattern

Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the well-known foci of malaria in Eastern Mediterranean Region. The study was carried out to investigate malaria situation in Kogiloye and Boyerahmad during during 2001-2010. The retrospective study using data information were extracted from health center of archived from malaria cases had been recorded in province during the years of 2001-2010. The data were analyzed by Descriptive statistical test. Out of one hundred and fifty six malaria cases during this decade، 119 (76. 28%) were males and 37 (23. 7%) females. The study showed that about 87% of malaria cases had been occurred in Afghanian immigrants in this region. The highest and lowest (29. 6% vs. 1. 9%) rates of malaria were occurred in 2002 and 2010، respectively. Among districts of the province the highest rate of malaria cases was belonged to Boyerahmad (80. 1%). The present study indicated that Plasmodium vivax was the most common cause of malaria in this region (91. 02%) followed by P. falciparum (8. 33%). During the past decade malaria cases were apparently decreased in Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad province and most of cases had been imported to the region from other endemic foci. Respect to suitable environmental conditions for transmission of malaria in this area surveillance measures should be implicated to control disease through rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients particularly in foreign immigrants.

Lack of knowledge and fear of treatment، predisposes individuals to the occurrence and intensity of psychological reactions; therefore it is necessary for people to learn appropriate coping strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education on coping with stress، depression، anxiety and stress among patients with special diseases. This clinical trial study was performed on 30 patients referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasuj، Iran، as specific pre-test and post-test. The patients were divided into two groups randomly. Instruments used included specific questionnaires for depression، anxiety and stress Das 42 Lavybound، and a demographic questionnaire. A seven session period of instruction، each session an hour and a half، was held in coping with stress. The collected data was analyzed by Chi-square tests، t-dependent and-independent tests. Before the intervention of two groups، no significant differences were seen in the levels of depression، anxiety and stress. But after intervention، significant differences were observed in the levels of stress (23. 1 before the intervention to 17. 5 post-intervention) and anxiety (15 pre-intervention to the 10. 9 post-intervention) (P <0/05). The training procedure was effective in decreasing the stress and anxiety in particular diseases and could lead to a relative relief in depression patients.